Large Language Model in Critical Care Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

Abstract As artificial intelligence (AI) models continue to evolve and integrate into the healthcare system, it becomes vital to understand these innovative tools to maximize their potential and anticipate the risks. A large language model (LLM) is one of the largest forms of artificial neural networks that utilize algorithmic models to process and generate a natural language text resembling the human mind from user-generated prompts. Many are familiar with the famous model ChatGPT, but models such as Google Gemini are frequently utilized, and such models have been known to demonstrate creativity and precision. The tools are popular due to human-like-output, widespread public availability, and ease of usability. The potential applications of LLM in healthcare are numerous, ranging from patient care to education and research. Patient care can be improved through integrating medical knowledge and interpersonal communication. Large language models can improve communication between healthcare providers and patients through accurate real-time translation in many languages, and converting medical jargon into layman, easy-to-understand language. Further, accurate documentation and reports from unstructured notes, automated dictation, and prompt-driven chart review could help to reduce physical and cognitive load and enhance the opportunity for patient-physician interactions. Large language model could facilitate research through a rapid and accurate summary of scientific manuscripts, paraphrasing scientific contents, democratizing research by overcoming language barriers, generating scientific abstracts, and interpreting data through coding. Finally, LLM has revolutionized education by providing summaries of scientific content, preparing effective presentations and engaging interactive simulations, step-by-step explanations of the concepts, and contextualization and translation of various topics in medicine in a personalized depth, tone, and style. Students use ChatGPT due to its ability to answer complex scenarios in simple terms and use questions to generate output to a student’s level of understanding, allowing students to learn at their own pace. The tool has been proven to even pass the USMLE exam due to its ability to respond to intricate medical scenarios.