Faculty Publications (CoM)

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Retinal blood vessel diameter changes with 60-day head-down bedrest are unaffected by antioxidant nutritional cocktail.
(2024-11-15) Goswami, Nandu
Long-term human spaceflight can lead to cardiovascular deconditioning, but little is known about how weightlessness affects microcirculation. In this study, we examined how the retinal microvessels and cerebrovascular regulation of 19 healthy male participants responded to long-term head-down bedrest (HDBR), an earth-based analog for weightlessness. In addition, we examined whether an anti-inflammatory/antioxidant cocktail could prevent the vascular changes caused by HDBR. In all study participants, we found a decrease in retinal arteriolar diameter by HDBR day 8 and an increase in retinal venular diameter by HDBR day 16. Concurrently, blood pressure at the level of the middle cerebral artery and the cerebrovascular resistance index were higher during HDBR, while cerebral blood flow velocity was lower. None of these changes were reversed in participants receiving the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant cocktail, indicating that this cocktail was insufficient to restore the microvascular and cerebral blood flow changes induced by HDBR.
Maternal COVID-19 infection and risk of respiratory distress syndrome among newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
(2024-11-19) Alfaresi, Mubarak
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public health, with emerging evidence suggesting substantial effects on maternal and neonatal health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns born to mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.
An Integrated Multimodal-Based CAD System for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.
(2024-11-05) Alkhnbashi, Omer S
Simple Summary: Diagnosis of breast cancer goes through multiple processes. Recently, a variety of system-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been proposed as Primary systems for initial diagnosis based on mammogram screenings. This paper enhances the diagnosis accuracy by using mammograms of both sides of the patient’s breasts instead of the infected side only. In addition, the paper boosts CAD accuracy by adding patient information and medical history along with mammogram images’ features. The proposed multimodal approach will serve as the nucleus for future work at both data and system levels to diagnose breast cancer and other diseases caused by various factors. Abstract: Breast cancer has been one of the main causes of death among women recently, and it has been the focus of attention of many specialists and researchers in the health field. Because of its seriousness and spread speed, breast cancer-resisting methods, early diagnosis, diagnosis, and treatment have been the points of research discussion. Many computers-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been proposed to reduce the load on physicians and increase the accuracy of breast tumor diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, combining patient information, including medical history, breast density, age, and other factors, with mammogram features from both breasts in craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views has not been previously investigated for breast tumor classification. In this paper, we investigated the effectiveness of using those inputs by comparing two combination approaches. The soft voting approach, produced from statistical information-based models (decision tree, random forest, K-nearest neighbor, Gaussian naive Bayes, gradient boosting, and MLP) and an image-based model (CNN), achieved 90% accuracy. Additionally, concatenating statistical and image-based features in a deep learning model achieved 93% accuracy. We found that it produced promising results that would enhance the CAD systems. As a result, this study finds that using both sides of mammograms outperformed the result of using only the infected side. In addition, integrating the mammogram features with statistical information enhanced the accuracy of the tumor classification. Our findings, based on a novel dataset, incorporate both patient information and four-view mammogram images, covering multiple classes: normal, benign, and malignant.
In-silico modelling of insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function for clinical applications: is it worth the effort?
(2024) Rizzo, Manfredi
Introduction: Recently, there has been ongoing dialogue with clinical researchers about the practical benefits of in-silico mathematical modelling in studying glucose metabolism. In fact, several in-silico models have been developed in such field, as outlined by some review studies (1–4). Among the different metabolic processes addressed by such models, one relevant is insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function. Indeed, although it is currently known that several factors affect glucose homeostasis (5), the impairment in insulin secretion/betacell function, in addition to that of insulin sensitivity, are typically the most important determinants of glycemic control deterioration and possible development of type 2 diabetes. In this opinion article, we will provide considerations about in-silico modelling of beta-cell function. Some models of beta-cell function describe aspects of such process at molecular or cellular level (6–13). These models are useful to get further insights in relevant molecular/ cellular mechanisms, and in addition they can stimulate new experimental research activity in an in-vitro context. Other models are instead oriented to describe insulin secretion/betacell function at whole body level, and these models are those typically having potential for clinical applications (14–17). In some of the following paragraphs, we focus on the main characteristics and findings of the model by Mari et al. (17). This model has been applied in the clinical context for the analysis of thousands of glucose tolerance tests, including those in wide multicenter projects (such as the IMI-DIRECT Project), focused on longitudinal study of participants with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) (18) and impaired glucose regulation, but also normal glucose tolerance (19). The model by Mari et al. (17) describes three main processes of beta-cell function: the glucose-insulin dose-response relation (“DR” component), the early insulin secretion (“E” component), and the insulin secretion potentiation (“P” component”). We succinctly describe those characteristics in the next section. For brevity, we refer to the model as the DR-EP model.
Regulatory Framework for Supporting the Integration and Use of Biosimilars in the Private Healthcare System of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
(2024-11) Nathwani, Rahul; Reda, Ashraf; Lee, Martin
Introduction: Biologics are substantial in the treatment of different diseases; however, they can burden the healthcare systems due to their high cost. Biosimilars can help healthcare systems keep their financial sustainability and patients access to biological therapies. The research objective is to formulate a framework for integrating biosimilars in the private healthcare sector of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This framework was based on local stakeholders' recommendations to ensure alignment with the UAE's healthcare market dynamics and needs.
The Intraoperative Role of Artificial Intelligence Within General Surgery: A Systematic Review
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-11-04) Deema, Othman
The role of artificial intelligence has been explored in many industries across the world. The medical field is no exception with studies regarding its use for development of algorithms in cancer screening and its diagnostic utility in clinical radiology. This study aims to review current literature on intraoperative use of artificial intelligence within general surgery to identify the latest developments, the major challenges and the trajectory of this field. A literature search was done on PubMed on May 28, 2024, using the terms: ((artificial intelligence) AND (general surgery)). Only publications in English and studies involving human subjects were considered. Exclusion criteria included duplicate papers, irrelevant titles, abstracts, themes, and non-English papers. A literature search on PubMed yielded 13 relevant articles. Among these, five articles focused on intraoperative guidance, four addressed surgical education and training, and four were survey-based exploring perceptions regarding artificial intelligence. Key themes included the development of artificial intelligence-based autonomous actions during surgery and its role in enhancing surgical training. Limitations identified included restricted data availability, ethical concerns, and a lack of validation tools, which pose significant obstacles to progress in this area. Despite existing limitations, the potential for integrating artificial intelligence into general surgery is promising. Careful attention is needed to overcome challenges and maximize its benefits.
A retrospective study investigating semen parameter profiles among male patients attending a fertility center in the UAE: Insights from a nationality perspective.
(2024-11-30) Omolaoye, Temidayo S; Lakshmanan, Jeyaseelan; Du Plessis, Stefan S
Objectives: The current study assessed the epidemiological trends of semen phenotypes and their association with ethnicity among men seeking fertility treatment in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Serotonergic psychedelics as potential therapeutics for post-COVID-19 syndrome (or Long COVID): A comprehensive review.
(2025-03-20) Alfaresi, Mubarak
Rationale: In our ongoing battle against the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a major challenge is the enduring symptoms that continue after acute infection. Also known as Long COVID, post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) often comes with debilitating symptoms like fatigue, disordered sleep, olfactory dysfunction, and cognitive issues ("brain fog"). Currently, there are no approved treatments for PCS. Recent research has uncovered that the severity of PCS is inversely linked to circulating serotonin levels, highlighting the potential of serotonin-modulating therapeutics for PCS. Therefore, we propose that serotonergic psychedelics, acting mainly via the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, hold promise for treating PCS.
Individualised shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction: importance of establishing precise therapeutic range
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-08) Giezen, Romeq BM
This correspondence aims to provide insight into treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) using shockwave therapy and specifically focuses on the importance of establishing a precise therapeutic range based on ED severity. While shockwave therapy settings were often based on manufacturer’s guidelines, recent studies have shown that the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of shockwave therapy rely on individualising the treatment’s energy flux density (EFD) and frequency. The aim is to underline t he importance of individualised treatment in optimising clinical outcomes as well as minimising potential adverse effects such as penile fibrosis or potential scarring in the long-term.
Understanding Residents' and Supervisors' Views on Developing Support-Autonomy Balance Through Supervision Methods in Postgraduate Dental Training: A Qualitative Study.
(2024-11) Amir Rad, Fatemeh
Background: Supervisors continuously need to decide when to provide clinical opportunities for unsupervised patient care to facilitate residents' development in the complex clinical learning context. The aim of this study is to explore residents' and supervisors' views and understanding of the influence of clinical supervision on affording a balanced support-autonomy from the cognitive apprenticeship (CA) theoretical lens.
Effects of fascial manipulation, vibration exercise, motor imagery, or neuro-muscular electrical stimulation on the coagulation system: A pilot study.
(2025-01) Goswami, Nandu
Available evidence suggests that various medical/rehabilitation treatments evoke multiple effects on blood hemostasis. It was therefore the aim of our study to examine whether fascial manipulation, vibration exercise, motor imagery, or neuro-muscular electrical stimulation can activate the coagulation system, and, thereby, expose patients to thrombotic risk. Ten healthy young subject were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were obtained pre and posttreatment. Besides standard laboratory methods, calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) and thrombelastometry (TEM) were used allowing sensitive detection of hyper- and hypocoagulable states. Application of fascial manipulation, motor imagery, or neuro-muscular electrical stimulation had vitually no effect whereas a single bout of vibration exercise caused significant coagulation activation. For example, TEM-derived coagulation times were significantly shortened (209 ± 34 vs. 187 ± 41 s, p = 0.0098) and CAT-derived thrombin peaks were significantly higher (235 ± 88 vs. 268 ± 82 nM, p = 0.0020) in post compared with preexercise samples. Moreover, vibration exercise, motor imagery, and neuro-muscular electrical stimulation caused significant plasma expansion (6.15%, 7.53%, and 3.88% plasma volume changes, respectively). We conclude that vibrational exercise apparently represents a potential procoagulant stimulus, and ongoing studies have to clarify whether VE should be applied particularly to patients with an elevated risk for thrombosis.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal mucinous neoplasm origin: A case report and review of literature.
(2024-12) Mousa, Ahmed Hafez
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, a rarity comprising less than 1% of all cancers, present intricate challenges in clinical management, and their incidence is on the rise. Notably, these neoplasms tend to metastasize intraperitoneally, leading to peritoneal carcinomatosis and concurrent accumulation of mucinous material, resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Due to its spectrum of presentation, the classification of the appendiceal mucinous neoplasms remains a controversial subject with a range of management from a simple appendicectomy to a complex hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). A 42-year-old Chadian male presented to the hospital with a sudden onset of right lower abdominal pain radiating to the inguinal region for 24 hours, associated with nausea and vomiting. The abdomen was distended and ascitic. Laboratory investigations revealed anemia, leukocytosis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, elevated ESR, high CEA marker, and normal CA19-9. An abdominopelvic CT with contrast demonstrated extensive ascites and cystic masses in the liver, and pancreas with soft tissue thickening of the cecum; however, the appendix is not well-delineated. Patient was managed with chemotherapy and HIPEC followed by removal of all the affected parts. Nodules of the peritoneum and liver were submitted for histopathological analysis and a final diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei of primary appendicular origin was established. This case highlights a case of extensive pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendicular origin managed aggressively by HIPEC and multiple resections of the involved organs. Prognosis of such a case is determined by the grade of the appendiceal tumor and the extent of invasion.
Medwakh smoking induces alterations in salivary proteins and cytokine expression: a clinical exploratory proteomics investigation.
(2025-01-17) Soares, Nelson C; Giddey, Alexander D
Background: Medwakh smoking has radically expanded among youth in the Middle East and around the world. The rising popularity of medwakh/dokha usage is linked to the onset of several chronic illnesses including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Medwakh smoking is reported to increase the risk of inflammation in the lower respiratory tract owing to oxidative burden. To date, there are no reported studies investigating the impact of medwakh smoking on salivary protein profile. The current study aims to elucidate alterations in the salivary proteome profile of medwakh smokers.
Assessing the impact of mindfulness programs on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
(2025-01-14) Sultan, Meshal A; Alattar, Batol; Tegginmani, Shakeel
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder which poses challenges for the individuals with the disorder and their families. While stimulant medications are effective, a comprehensive approach, including psychosocial and behavioral interventions, is recommended. There is a growing body of research exploring the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions for children with ADHD. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions in reducing ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents through a systematic review of relevant studies.
Characterizing Circulating microRNA Signatures of Type 2 Diabetes Subtypes.
(2025-01-14) Sulaiman, Fatima; Khyriem, Costerwell; Dsouza, Stafny; Abdul, Fatima; Alkhnbashi, Omer; Faraji, Hanan; Tawfik, Abdel Rahman; Khamis, Amar Hassan; Bayoumi, Riad
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies suggest that T2D subtypes may exhibit distinct gene expression profiles. In this study, we aimed to identify T2D cluster-specific miRNA expression signatures for the previously reported five clinical subtypes that characterize the underlying pathophysiology of long-standing T2D: severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), mild age-related diabetes (MARD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild early-onset diabetes (MEOD). We analyzed the circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in 45 subjects representing the five T2D clusters and 7 non-T2D healthy controls by single-end small RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses identified a total of 430 known circulating miRNAs and 13 previously unreported novel miRNAs. Of these, 71 were upregulated and 37 were downregulated in either controls or individual clusters. Each T2D subtype was associated with a specific dysregulated miRNA profile, distinct from that of healthy controls. Specifically, 3 upregulated miRNAs were unique to SIRD, 1 to MARD, 9 to MOD, and 18 to MEOD. Among the downregulated miRNAs, 11 were specific to SIRD, 9 to SIDD, 2 to MARD, and 1 to MEOD. Our study confirms the heterogeneity of T2D, represented by distinguishable subtypes both clinically and epigenetically and highlights the potential of miRNAs as markers for distinguishing the pathophysiology of T2D subtypes.
Conservative Management of Pediatric Patients With Appendicolith Appendicitis Versus Non-appendicolith Appendicitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
(2025-01-20) Akbarpoor, Fatemeh; Blanco, Karen; Rowaiaee, Rasha; Khokar, Mohammed Amaan
Introduction: Up to one-third of pediatric patients with acute appendicitis present with radiological evidence of appendicoliths. However, whether appendicolith presence influences prognosis under conservative management compared to non-appendicolith appendicitis remains uncertain.
Noninvasive Assessment of the Severity of Liver Fibrosis in MASLD Patients with Long-Standing Type 2 Diabetes.
(2025-01-22) Khan, Farooq; Dsouza, Stafny; Khamis, Amar Hassan; Abdul, Fatima; Sulaiman, Fatima; Mulla, Fahad; Bayoumi, Riad
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which have a reciprocal relationship compounded by obesity, are highly prevalent in the Middle East affecting morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
Effects of population-based screening for atrial fibrillation on quality of life.
(2025-01-11) Krieger, Derk
Background: Screening for atrial fibrillation is rising and may worsen or improve quality of life.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Shifting Landscape in the United Arab Emirates
(2025-01-02) Boucherabine, Syrine; Nassar, Rania; Mohamed, Lobna; Khansaheb, Hamda Hassan; Olowoyeye, Victory; Soares, Nelson Cruz; Hachim, Mahmood; Senok, Abiola
Background: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a significant burden globally, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced rising MRSA prevalence, with increasing diversity in the clonal complexes (CCs) identified. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its increased hospitalization rates and antibiotic use, may have further influenced MRSA's genetic evolution and epidemiology in the country.
Evolutionary constrained genes associated with autism spectrum disorder across 2,054 nonhuman primate genomes.
(2025-01-23) Uddin, Mohammed
Background: Significant progress has been made in elucidating the genetic underpinnings of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the link between genomics, neurobiology and clinical phenotype in scientific discovery. New models are therefore needed to address these gaps. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have been extensively used for preclinical neurobiological research because of remarkable similarities to humans across biology and behaviour that cannot be captured by other experimental animals.

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