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Publication Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Bone Profile Around Dental Implants Placed in the Esthetic Zone(Informa UK Limited, 2025-02) Allam, EmanObjective: To evaluate the bone profile around dental implants placed in the esthetic zone through periodontal assessment and radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: We conducted a clinical observational study of 35 subjects who received dental implants placed in the esthetic zone to replace lost anterior teeth. Clinical evaluation included a comprehensive periodontal examination. The esthetic outcomes of the soft tissue around the implants were assessed using the pink esthetic score (PES). Patient satisfaction was assessed by using a specially designed questionnaire. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 was used to assess the quality of life. The bone profile around the implant was assessed using CBCT. All the values were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: A soft tissue graft (STG) was associated with the presence of > 2 mm of bone thickness 1 mm from the implant shoulder (p < 0.01). The STG was also significantly associated with bone thickness at 3 and 5 mm (p = 0.04). PES was not significantly associated with the bone thickness, OHIP score, or satisfaction score. Patients with fenestrations had significantly higher scores for functional limitations and pain than those without fenestrations (p = 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). Conclusion: The bone profile around the anterior implant is not ideal. Although the buccal bone was thin around the implant placed in the esthetic zone, it did not affect the esthetic outcomes or overall satisfaction of the patient. However, fenestration defects may affect patients' quality of life.Publication The effects of Lepidium meyenii on MSG-induced subfertility in male Wistar rats: Targeting oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, steroidogenic enzymes, and reproductive hormones regulation(Elsevier BV, 2025-01) Omolaoye, Temidayo S.; Rawat, Surendra Singh; Plessis, Stefan S. DuObjective and rationale: Although monosodium glutamate (MSG), commonly used to enrich food flavour, is generally considered safe for consumption, evidence has shown its adverse effects on physiological functions, including male reproduction, when consumed excessively. Lepidium meyenii (Maca), on the other hand, a plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family, has been shown to have diverse health benefits. The current study investigated pathways through which MSG could induce subfertility, and whether treatment with Maca root extract would proffer amelioration via those routes. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Animals were orally (oral gavage) administered MSG (900 mg/kg/day for 45days), MSG and Maca (900 mg/kg/day of MSG and 500 mg/kg/day of black Lepidium meyenii root extract), or water only (control group), for a total period of 80 days. MSG was administered for the first 45 days, followed by Maca or water for the subsequent 35 days. Spermatozoa were collected from the caudal epididymis for sperm assessments. The testis and prostate were used for biochemical assays and immunofluorescent localization of biomarkers of interest. Results: MSG administration significantly reduced total and progressive sperm motility (p < 0.05), decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < 0.001), increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in the testis and prostate (p < 0.05), protein expression of GP130 in the testis, reduced serum testosterone, and altered expression of steroidogenic markers. These adverse effects were mildly ameliorated upon treatment with Maca. Conclusion: Findings highlights how MSG could cause male reproductive dysfunction via reduction of TAC, increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, alter reproductive hormones and reduced protein expression of steroidogenic markers. Treatment with Maca significantly improved sperm motility, possibly by enhancing TAC levels and reducing proinflammatory cytokines. However, this hypothesis needs further investigation.Publication The relationship between malocclusion and speech patterns: a cross-sectional study(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-14) Allam, EmanObjective: Dental occlusion and the alignment of the dentition play crucial roles in producing speech sounds. The Arabic language is specifically complex, with many varieties and geographically dependent dialects. This study investigated the relationship between malocclusion and speech abnormalities in the form of misarticulations of Arabic sounds. Materials and methods: One hundred native subjects (28.92 ± 12.09 years old) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was used to describe malocclusion pattern. A standard speech sample was recorded for each subject and evaluated by a blinded speech therapist to judge misarticulations and indicate the misarticulation classification. The Jeddah Institute for Speech and Hearing Centre (JISH) articulation test was used to assess the phonologic abilities of the participants. Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for the statistical analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The PAR score ranged from 0 to 15, with an average of 4.87. The descriptive statistics of the included sample demonstrated that twenty-seven subjects showed improper articulation of sounds, with 25 being distortions and 2 substitutions. No significant gender differences were reported. A statistically significant association between PAR scores was recorded for the sounds / ص/ (p = 0.004), / ز/ (p = 0.017), and / س/ (p = 0.010). Conclusions: There was an evident pattern of partial association of PAR index scores and speech abnormalities including improper articulation. To provide optimal care for involved subjects, collaboration between orthodontists and speech therapists, in pre- and post-treatment evaluations, is crucial.Publication The Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in Radicular Cysts and Periapical Granulomas(Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024-12-10) Rawat, Surendra SinghObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in radicular cysts and periapical granulomas, thereby contributing to the understanding of their potential significance in the differential diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. Materials and methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 51 samples of periapical lesions were included. Of them, 24 samples were radicular cysts, and 27 samples were periapical granulomas. Samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for HIF-1α and VEGF proteins expression. Chi-square tests and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient tests were used to detect differences and correlations among the parameters, respectively. Results: In radicular cysts, HIF-1α expression was absent in 1 (4.2%), weak in 5 (20.8%), mild in 7 (29.2%), and strong in 11 (45.8%) cases, while VEGF expression was absent in 1 (4.2%), weak in 6 (25.0%), mild in 9 (37.5%), and strong in 8 (33.3%) of the cases; nevertheless, in periapical granulomas, HIF-1α expression was absent in 8 (29.6%), weak in 6 (22.2%), mild in 9 (33.3%), and strong in 4 (14.8%) of the cases, whereas VEGF expression was absent in 4 (14.8%), weak in 16 (59.3%), mild in 4 (14.8%), and strong in 3 (11.1%) of the cases. Chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF between radicular cysts and periapical granuloma (chi-square test = 8.906, p = 0.031; chi-square test = 10.401, p = 0.015, respectively). Spearman's correlation test showed a significant correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF in the total samples of both radicular cysts and periapical granulomas (rho = 0.385, p = 0.005). Conclusion: There is high expression of both HIF-1α and VEGF throughout the odontogenic epithelium and connective tissue of the radicular cyst and periapical granuloma. Both HIF-1α and VEGF are more highly expressed in radicular cysts than in periapical granulomas. These findings may aid in the diagnosis and management of suspected periapical lesions, suggesting that radicular cysts exhibit more advanced hypoxic conditions and associated pathways compared with periapical granulomas.Publication Association of salivary mmp-8 gene polymorphism with its protein expression in oral submucous fibrosis patients.(2025-02-24) Khurshid, YamnaOSF (Oral submucous fibrosis) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues with the potential to progress into OSCC (Oral squamous cell carcinoma). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are endopeptidases that play a role in extracellular matrix remodeling and pathophysiology of various diseases. The study aims to evaluate the gene polymorphism and protein expression of MMP-8 and their association with the severity of OSF. The cross-sectional study design involves patients diagnosed with OSF. DNA was extracted from saliva samples by the CTAB method followed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The sequences were examined for MMP-8 polymorphism on Mega X software. ELISA was performed to assess the MMP-8 protein expression. The results of genetic polymorphism showed the alleles AG (rs11225395), TT (rs1861602574), CC (rs562617158), TT (rs2133511737), AA (rs1307439859), and CC (rs2133511706) consistent with disease severity. MMP-8 protein levels decreased with disease progression. Meanwhile, the association between the two showed a noteworthy significance with the presence of specific genetic variants, namely rs1320632, rs2133511732, rs1307439859, and rs2133511737, rs1307439859, rs562617158, rs11225395 shows a robust association with changes in MMP-8 protein expression. This study suggests a strong association between genotype and the modification of MMP-8 protein expression. In conclusion, MMP-8 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker in OSF.Publication Effects of building resilience skills among undergraduate medical students in a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic setting in the United Arab Emirates: A convergent mixed methods study(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-02-27) Farah Otaki; Samuel B. Ho; Bhavana Nair; Reem AlGurg; Adrian Stanley; Amar Hassan Khamis; Laila Alsuwaidi; Ashraf Atta Mohamed Safein SalemIntroduction Although curricula teaching skills related to resilience are widely adopted, little is known about needs and attitudes regarding resilience training of undergraduate-medical-trainees in Middle-East-and-North-Africa-region. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of an innovative curriculum developed through design-based-research to build resilience-skills among undergraduate-medical-trainees in the United-Arab-Emirates. Methods Convergent-mixed-methods-study-design was utilized. Quantitative data collection was through controlled random group allocation conducted in one cohort of undergraduate medical students(n = 47). Students were randomly allocated into the respective resilience-skills-building-course(study-group) versus an unrelated curriculum(control-group). All students were tested at baseline(test-1), at end of 8-week course(test-2), and again 8 weeks after end of course(test-3). Then students crossed over to the opposite course and again tested at end of 8 weeks(test-4). Testing at four timepoints consisted of questionnaires related to burnout-Maslach-Burnout-Inventory; anxiety-General-Anxiety-Disorder-7; and resilience- Connor-Davidson-Resilience-Scale. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and inferentially. Qualitative data, constituting of students’ perception of their experience with the course, was captured using virtual-focus-group-sessions. Qualitative analysis was inductive. Generated primary inferences were merged using joint-display-analysis. Results Significant proportion of the students, at baseline, seemed to be at risk for burnout and anxiety, and would benefit from developing their resilience. There appeared to be no statistical differences in measures of burnout, anxiety, and resilience related to course delivery. Overall risk for anxiety among students increased following the COVID-19 lockdown. Qualitative analysis generated the ‘Resilience-Skills’-Building-around-Undergraduate-Medical-Education-Transitions’ conceptual model of five themes: Transitions, Adaptation, Added Value of course, Sustainability of effects of course, and Opportunities for improving course. Merging of findings led to a thorough understanding of how the resilience-skills’-building-course affected students’ adaptability. Conclusion This study indicates that a resilience-skills’-building-course may not instantly affect medical trainees’ ratings of burnout, anxiety, and resilience. However, students likely engage with such an innovative course and its content to acquire and deploy skills to adapt to changes.Publication Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Bone Profile Around Dental Implants Placed in the Esthetic Zone.(2025) Allam, EmanTo evaluate the bone profile around dental implants placed in the esthetic zone through periodontal assessment and radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).