Browsing by Author "Naidoo, N"

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An anthropometric evaluation of the scapula, with emphasis on the coracoid process and glenoid fossa in a South African population
(2019) Naidoo, N
Abstract: The exact dimensions of the scapula, including the coracoid process and glenoid fossa, are fundamental in the patho-mechanics of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ); as these structures act as initiators of shoulder movement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric parameters of the GHJ, with emphasis on the coracoid process and glenoid fossa. The morphometric (Linear Tools 2012, 0–150mm, LIN 86500963) and morphological parameters of a total of one hundred and sixty-four (n ¼ 164) dry bone scapulae [Right (R): 80; Left (L): 84, Male (M): 68; Female (F): 96] were recorded. Results: (i) Shape of glenoid fossa: Type 1: (R) 16.5%, (L) 11.0%; Male (M) 20.1%, Female (F) 7.3%; Type 2: (R) 14.0%, (L) 15.2%; (M) 18.3%, (F) 11.0%; Type 3: (R) 18.3%, (L) 25.0%; (M) 27.4%, (F) 15.9%. (ii) Notch type: Type 1: (R) 1.7%, (L) 7.3%; (M) 6.7%, (F) 2.4%; Type 2: (R) 47.0%, (L) 43.9%; (M) 59.2%, (F) 31.7%. (iii) Vertical diameter of glenoid fossa (VD) (mm): (R) 35.2 3.1, (L) 34.9 3.0; (M) 35.3 3.2, (F) 34.6 2.8. (iv) Horizontal diameter 1 (HD1) of glenoid fossa (mm): (R) 18.4 3.3, (L) 17.5 2.9; (M) 18.2 3.3, (F) 17.4 2.6. (v) Horizontal diameter 2 (HD2) of glen oid fossa (mm): (R) 24.5 2.9, (L) 23.6 2.6; (M) 24.2 2.7, (F) 23.7 2.8. (vi) Length of coracoid process (CL) (mm): (R) 41.7 4.7, (L) 41.5 4.9; (M) 42.1 4.7, (F) 40.7 4.8. (vii) Width of coracoid process (CW) (mm): (R) 13.3 1.9, (L) 14.2 11.9; (M) 13.1 1.9, (F) 15.1 14.5. (viii) Coracoglenoid distance (CGD) (mm): (R) 27.4 8.3, (L) 28.2 3.5; (M) 28.2 7.4, (F) 27.0 3.4. In the present study, Type 3 (oval) was observed to be the predominant glenoid fossa shape with a higher incidence in male individuals and on the right side. Although only notch Types 1 (without a notch) and 2(with one notch) were observed in this study, Type 2 (one notch) was the most prevalent, presenting with a significant p-value (p ¼ 0.019), suggesting that notch Type 1 (without a notch) and 2 (with one notch) are common findings in the right and left side of individuals. The findings observed in this study may provide knowledge regarding the role of the coracoid parameters in etiology of subcoracoid impingement while knowledge on the glenoid fossa parameters and variation ns are essential for evaluation in shoulder arthroplasty forglenoid fractures and anterior dislocations, and for glenoid prosthesis designs for the South African population.
Long head of biceps brachii tendon and transverse humeral ligament morphometry and their associated pathology
(2020) Naidoo, N
Background: As a dynamic stabiliser and flexor of the glenohumeral joint, the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBBT) is further stabilised by the retinacular activities of the transverse humeral ligament (THL). Materials and methods: The LHBBT and THL which were obtained from a total of 40 cadaveric upper limb specimens (n = 80; females: 36, males: 44; right: 40, left: 40), were bilaterally dissected and subjected to morphometric evaluation. Results: The results are in millimetres. LHBBT length: 81.99 ± 21.28 right, 79.73 ± ± 17.27 left; 79.82 ± 19.66 male, 82.14 ± 19.03 female; LHBBT width: 4.28 ± ± 1.31 right, 4.67 ± 1.43 left; 4.35 ± 1.17 male, 4.63 ± 1.60 female; THL length: 20.91 ± 5.24 right, 21.19 ± 6.63 left; 21.52 ± 5.71 male, 20.48 ± 5.92 female; THL width: 16.65 ± 6.92 right, 16.63 ± 7.49 left; 16.83 ± 6.65 male, 16.40 ± 7.84 female. With larger LHBBT length observed on the right side and larger LHBBT width observed on the left side; both parameters appeared to be distinctly longer in female individuals. On the contrary, the THL length and width were evidently greater in male individuals, with larger lengths and widths present on the left and right sides respectively. Conclusions: These findings may contribute to South African literature and to clinical knowledge as these parameters are important in the successful outcomes of tenotomy, tenodesis and shoulder-related procedures. (Folia Morphol 2020; 79, 2: 359–365).
Thanatogenomic Investigation of the Hydroxymethylome and Mitochondrial Genome of Cadaveric Cardiomyocytes: Proposal for a Proof-of-Concept Study
(2020) Naidoo, N; Duvuru, Ruthwik; Banerjee, Yajnavalka
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). One of the common CVDs is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Recent studies conducted in heart cells of mice have shown that this condition involves a chemical modification called hydroxymethylation of the DNA of heart cells. Objective: Objectives of the proposed research are to profile the distribution of 5-hydroxymethylation in the cardiomyocyte (CMC) genome of cadaveric cardiac tissue and cardiac biopsy specimens; to compare the hydroxymethylome of cadaveric CMCs with that of cardiac biopsy specimens from HCM patients and/or cardiac transplant patients (control) undergoing cardiac catheterization; to histologically appraise sarcomere distribution and mitochondrial morphology of CMCs in the presence of HCM; to correlate the mitochondrial genome with the HCM phenotype; and to integrate anatomy with biochemistry and genetics into the instructional design of HCM in the core medical curriculum at Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU). Methods: Normal and hypertrophic heart specimens will be obtained from 8 whole-body cadavers (2/8, 25% control and 6/8, 75% HCM). Myocardial biopsy specimens will be obtained from cardiothoracic and transplant units at the Cleveland Clinic in Abu Dhabi, UAE. As this is a proof-of-concept study, we plan to recruit 5 patients with HCM, where HCM has been diagnosed according to the guidelines of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines. Patients with valvular heart disease, history of myocarditis, regular alcohol consumption, or cardiotoxic chemotherapy will be excluded. The control biopsy specimens will be obtained from patients who had received heart transplants. Three investigational approaches will then be employed: (1) gross anatomical evaluation, (2) histological analysis, and (3) profiling and analysis of the hydroxymethylome. These investigations will be pursued with minor modifications, if required, to the standard protocols and in accordance with institutional policy. The objective associated with the education of health professionals will be addressed through a strategy based on Graham’s knowledge translation model. Results: This study is at the protocol-development stage. The validated questionnaires have been identified in relation to the objectives. The MBRU and the Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Institutional Review Board (IRB) are reviewing this study. Further clarification and information can be obtained from the MBRU IRB. There is funding in place for this study (MBRU-CM-RG2019-08). Currently, we are in the process of standardizing the protocols with respect to the various molecular techniques to be employed during the course of the study. The total duration of the proposed research is 24 months, with a provision for 6 months of a no-cost extension.