Browsing by Author "Mousa, Ahmed Hafez"

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Advancements in surgical skills through short-term training with surgical 3D exoscopes
(2024-08) Mousa, Ahmed Hafez
Abstract Introduction: Since the late 1960s, the surgical microscope has served as a fundamental instrument in neurosurgery and is still vital to the microsurgical management of diseases of the brain and spine. The invention of the operating microscope (OM) changed modern neurosurgery due to its capacity to depict in exquisite detail the neurovascular microstructures, which transcends non-magnified stereoscopic vision. The introduction of 3D exoscopes into surgical practice has transformed micro neurosurgery by improving vision and procedural accuracy. In the treatment of brain tumours, skull base surgery, aneurysm clipping, and complex spine surgery of the cervical and lumbar regions, exoscopes are a safe and useful supplement to the current binocular surgical microscope. Neurosurgeons will likely usher in a new era of neurosurgery tools and techniques. In recent years, the emergence of 3D exoscopes has drastically altered the area of micro-neurosurgery. These enhanced visualization technologies provide better depth perception and magnification than standard microscopes, improving surgical precision and results. However, competency in utilizing these exoscopes necessitates sufficient training in order to efficiently negotiate the learning curve. This letter investigates the effectiveness of short-term training programs in improving surgical abilities with 3D exoscopes.
The interaction between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease: a review article
(2024-05) Mousa, Ahmed Hafez
Abstract Insulin serves multiple functions as a growth-promoting hormone in peripheral tissues. It manages glucose metabolism by promoting glucose uptake into cells and curbing the production of glucose in the liver. Beyond this, insulin fosters cell growth, drives differentiation, aids protein synthesis, and deters degradative processes like glycolysis, lipolysis, and proteolysis. Receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 are widely expressed in the central nervous system. Their widespread presence in the brain underscores the varied and critical functions of insulin signaling there. Insulin aids in bolstering cognition, promoting neuron extension, adjusting the release and absorption of catecholamines, and controlling the expression and positioning of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Importantly, insulin can effortlessly traverse the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, insulin resistance (IR)-induced alterations in insulin signaling might hasten brain aging, impacting its plasticity and potentially leading to neurodegeneration. Two primary pathways are responsible for insulin signal transmission: the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, which oversees metabolic responses, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which guides cell growth, survival, and gene transcription. This review aimed to explore the potential shared metabolic traits between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and IR disorders. It delves into the relationship between AD and IR disorders, their overlapping genetic markers, and shared metabolic indicators. Additionally, it addresses existing therapeutic interventions targeting these intersecting pathways.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal mucinous neoplasm origin: A case report and review of literature.
(2024-12) Mousa, Ahmed Hafez
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, a rarity comprising less than 1% of all cancers, present intricate challenges in clinical management, and their incidence is on the rise. Notably, these neoplasms tend to metastasize intraperitoneally, leading to peritoneal carcinomatosis and concurrent accumulation of mucinous material, resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Due to its spectrum of presentation, the classification of the appendiceal mucinous neoplasms remains a controversial subject with a range of management from a simple appendicectomy to a complex hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). A 42-year-old Chadian male presented to the hospital with a sudden onset of right lower abdominal pain radiating to the inguinal region for 24 hours, associated with nausea and vomiting. The abdomen was distended and ascitic. Laboratory investigations revealed anemia, leukocytosis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, elevated ESR, high CEA marker, and normal CA19-9. An abdominopelvic CT with contrast demonstrated extensive ascites and cystic masses in the liver, and pancreas with soft tissue thickening of the cecum; however, the appendix is not well-delineated. Patient was managed with chemotherapy and HIPEC followed by removal of all the affected parts. Nodules of the peritoneum and liver were submitted for histopathological analysis and a final diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei of primary appendicular origin was established. This case highlights a case of extensive pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendicular origin managed aggressively by HIPEC and multiple resections of the involved organs. Prognosis of such a case is determined by the grade of the appendiceal tumor and the extent of invasion.