Browsing by Author "Khamis, Amar H"

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Appraisal of Clinical Explanatory Variables in Subtyping of Type 2 Diabetes Using Machine Learning Models.
(2025-09-17) Khamis, Amar H
Background: Clustering type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a challenge due to its clinical heterogeneity and multifactorial nature. We aimed to evaluate the validity and robustness of the clinical variables in defining T2D subtypes using a discovery-to-prediction design. Methods: Five explanatory clinical aetiology variables (fasting serum insulin, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, age at diagnosis and HbA1c) were assessed for clustering T2D subtypes using two independent patient datasets. Clustering was performed using the IBM-Modeler Auto-Cluster. The resulting cluster validity was tested by multinomial logistic regression. The variables’ validity for direct unsupervised clustering was compared with machine learning (ML) predictive models. Results: Five distinct subtypes were consistently identified: severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), mild age-related diabetes (MARD), and mild early-onset diabetes (MEOD). Using all five variables yielded the highest concordance between clustering methods. Concordance was strongest for SIRD and SIDD, reflecting their distinct clinical signatures in contrast to that in MARD, MOD and MEOD. Conclusions: These findings support the robustness of clinically defined T2D subtypes and demonstrate the value of probabilistic clustering combined with ML for advancing precision diabetes care.
Investigation of Static versus Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance in NiTi Endodontic Instruments with Different Alloy Treatments at Body Temperature
(2025-09-08) Abdulkareem, Tareq; Jamal, Mohamed; Atmeh, Amre; Elbishari, Haitham; Khamis, Amar H; Kim, Hyeon-Cheol; El Abed, Rashid
Introduction: This study evaluated the fatigue resistance of 2 nickel-titanium engine-driven file systems with identical geometries and different heat treatments tested under static and dynamic conditions in simulated root canals.
Liver cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia (2001-2020): decreasing trend.
(2025-08-08) Khamis, Amar H
Abstract: Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and morbidity worldwide. Existing data on the liver cancer burden in Saudi Arabia are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze liver cancer incidence and mortality trends in Saudi Arabia over two decades (2001-2020) and to compare them with the regional and worldwide data. Liver cancer incidence data in Saudi Arabia were collected from the national cancer registry reports for the study period (2001 to 2020). Additionally, global and regional data on liver cancer burden were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO); the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); and the Global Cancer Observatory website. Saudi Arabia revealed a relatively lower burden of liver cancer compared to global rates. Males showed a decreasing trend in age-standardized incidence rates during the study period, while females displayed steady rates. In 2020, liver cancer incidence in males was nearly doubled compared to females with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. Additionally, significant regional variations in the incidence of liver cancer were observed across the administrative regions in Saudi Arabia. Liver cancer ranked first as a cause of cancer death in Saudi Arabia for the year 2020. This trend extends to the broader Gulf Cooperation Council region that includes Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain and United Arab Emirates; with Saudi Arabia experiencing the highest liver cancer mortality rate (5.1 per 100,000 people). In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of gender- and region-specific analysis of liver cancer in Saudi Arabia. While the decline of liver cancer incidence in males is promising, further investigations are needed to understand the underlying causes and maintain observance. The high national mortality rate from liver cancer underscores the need for improved prevention, early detection, and management strategies.
The Impact of Focused Hip Ultrasound Training on Imaging Quality in Infants With Hip Dysplasia.
(2024-11) Alawadhi, Ahmad; Basha, Kenan S; Khamis, Amar H; Alshryda, Sattar
Background: The orthopedic department at Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital (AJCH) was opened in April 2018. A focused hip ultrasound training course was conducted in April 2019 to improve hip ultrasound imaging quality.