Browsing by Author "Chaudhry, Jahanzeb"

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AI-based automated pre-processing and classification of impacted maxillary canines in panoramic radiographs
(2024) Abdulkreem, Ali; Alzaabi, Hessa; Alali, Kawther; Gonzalez, Angela; Chaudhry, Jahanzeb; Prasad, Sabarinath
Abstract: Objectives: Automating the digital workflow for diagnosing impacted canines using panoramic radiographs (PRs) is challenging. This study explored feature extraction, automated cropping, and classification of impacted and non-impacted canines as a first step. Methods: A convolutional neural network (CNN) with SqueezeNet architecture was first trained to classify two groups of PRs (91with, and 91without impacted canines) on the MATLAB programming platform. Based on results, the need to crop the PRs was realized. Next, artificial intelligence (AI) detectors were trained to identify specific landmarks (maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, bicuspids, nasal area, and the mandibular ramus) on the PRs. Landmarks were then explored to guide cropping of the PRs. Finally, improvements in classification of automatically cropped PRs was studied. Results: Without cropping, the area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for classifying impacted and non-impacted canine was 84%. Landmark training showed that detectors could correctly identify upper central incisors and the ramus in ~98% of PRs . The combined use of the mandibular ramus and maxillary central incisors as guides for cropping yielded the best results (~10% incorrect cropping). When automatically cropped PRs were used, the AUC-ROC improved to 96%. Conclusion: AI algorithms can be automated to pre-process PRs and improve the identification of impacted canines.
Boering’s Arthrosis of the Temporomandibular Joint in a 9-Year-Old Girl; a Case Report
(2020) Chaudhry, Jahanzeb; Omar, Haidi; Kaklamanos, Eleftherios G
Abstract: Boering’s arthrosis is a rare disorder of the temporomandibular joints that usually occurs in the second decade and seldom after age 20. It was first described by G. Boering in 1966. It is more common in females and can be unilateral or bilateral. The disease results in resorption of the condyle with elongation of the articular surface resulting in the characteristics toadstool appearance observed on panoramic images. Condylar changes are often accompanied by anterior displacement of the disc and remodeling of the glenoid fossa. Facial asymmetry is almost always present.We present a case of a 9-year-old female with Boering’s arthrosis. She presented with facial asymmetry and bite abnormality but did not report symptoms typically associated with temporomandibular disorders
The C‑shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in an Emirati population
(2021) Khawaja, Summayah; Chaudhry, Jahanzeb; Hassan Khamis, Amar; El Abed, Rashid; Ghoneima, Ahmed; Jamal, Mohamed
Abstract: Our study aimed to describe the root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in Emirati population and to study the prevalence and types of morphological change in C-shaped canal confguration along the root length in an efort to describe C-shaped molars as a unit. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of Emirati patients were analyzed in multiple plans and root and canal confguration of mandibular second molars were evaluated. Moreover, specifc types of morphological change in C-shaped canal confguration along root length were studied and reconstructed using 3D reconstruction software. A total of 508 mandibular second molars were evaluated. Among the non-C-shaped mandibular second molars, two separate roots were the most prevalent root morphology (78.3%). The mesial root’s most common root canal confguration was Vertucci Type II (46.5%), and in the distal root, Vertucci Type I (90.5%). The prevalence of C-shaped mandibular second molars was 17.9% and was signifcantly prevalent (P< 0.001) in females. Specifc types of morphological change in C-shaped molars along the root length were observed and described for the frst time, in which the most common types of morphological change were C1-C2-C3d (18%), C1-C3c-C3d (15.4%), C4-C3c-C3d (7.7%), and C3c-C3c-C3d (7.7%). This study showed wide variations in the root and canal morphology in mandibular second molars in Emirati population with a relatively high prevalence of C-shaped canal confguration (17.9%). Moreover, specifc types of morphological change in C-shaped confguration were detected and described for the frst time in this population.
Evaluation of Mental Foramen and Mandibular Canal Course and Location in an Emirati Subpopulation
(2024) Alazemia, Abdulaziz; Al Muhairi, Eman; Abdunabi, Farida; Chaudhry, Jahanzeb; Moharamzadeh, Keyvan; El Abed, Rashid; Jamal, Mohamed
Abstract Introduction and aims: Violations of the mandibular canal (MC) and mental foramen (MF)and subsequent injuries to their neurovascular bundle have been reported after surgical and nonsurgical dental procedures. Besides using advanced technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), clinicians should be aware of the anatomy and location of MCand MFin different populations. This study aims to describe the morphologic characteristics of the MF, MC, and its intrabony location in relation to the apices of mandibular posterior teeth in an Emirati subpopulation using CBCT. Methods: A total of 3700 CBCT scans were screened, and 154 scans that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly selected. The scans were assessed using 3-dimensional multiplanar imaging for the following structures: the location of MF and the MC course, its intrabony location, and its relationship to the apices of the mandibular posterior teeth. The data were analysed statistically using SPSS software. Results: The MC ran lingually and inferiorly at the posterior region and became more buccal and superior towards the MF. The distal root of the mandibular second molar was found to be the closest root to the MC (2.06 § 1.83 mm). Moreover, the most common location of the MFwasdistal to the contact area between the 2 premolars (0.83 § 1.84 mm) with a significant negative correlation to age (with and increase in age, the MF moves distally). The distance between the root apices and the MC was statistically significantly affected by age (positive correlation) and gender (male patients had a greater distance). Conclusions: The common course of the MC is lingual and inferior posteriorly and becomes more buccal and superior towards the MF, which is located mostly between the mandibular first and second premolars. Furthermore, the distal root of the mandibular second molar is the closest to the MC and has a positive relationship with age.
Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molars in an Emirati population; a cone-beam computed tomography study
(2020) Al Mheiri, Eman; Chaudhry, Jahanzeb; El Abed, Rashid; Hassan Khamis, Amar; Jamal, Mohamed
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the root and canal morphology of the maxillary permanent first molars in an Emirati population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Two hundred and sixty-one CBCT scans were acquired. The data were extracted and anonymized to remove all patient identifiers. Two observers (an endodontic resident and an endodontist) evaluated all scans on diagnostic quality monitors. Results: The prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) was 80.1% in all examined samples. Type II Vertucci classification, was the most common canal configuration (59%) in the mesiobuccal root, followed by Types I (19.9%) and IV (15.3%), while Type III was the least common (5.7%). Types I, II, and IV were significantly more common in the 21–40-year age group (P < 0.001), while Type III was observed significantly more often in the < 20-year age group (P < 0.001). No significant effect of gender on the prevalence of Vertucci classification in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars (P = 0.74) was found. Analysis of bilateral symmetry showed that 80% teeth had perfect bilateral symmetry, whereas 20% were asymmetrical. Type II canal configuration showed the highest prevalence of bilateral symmetry (48.7%), followed by Type I (15%) and Type IV (10%), while Type III showed the least prevalence of symmetry (3%). Conclusions: This was the first study to analyze the prevalence of MB2 canal in an Emirati population. Our results indicate high prevalence of MB2 (80.1%) and emphasize the importance of using advanced techniques to locate the MB2 canal.