Browsing by Author "Alkhatib, Zuhair"

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Complications Due to Medicaments
(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025) Alkhatib, Zuhair; El Abed, Rashid
Medicaments used in the root canal system are of numerous varieties and have effects on both pulpal tissues and microbial flora, not just inside the root canal system, but also on the periodontium. That is why, when choosing any medicament, the clinician must make the right choice. Choose a medicament that has an effect on the microorganisms, as this is the most important factor in root canal failures, and it should have the least effect on the tissues surrounding the root. The medicament should be confined in the root canal system during its use, and care should be taken not to expel it beyond the root apex into the periapical tissues. In case this happens, damage to the periapical tissues ensues, leading to inflammation, swelling and probably tooth loss. In this chapter, we will discuss the most common intracanal irrigation solutions and interim medicament used by endodontist, referring to literature and case reports that provide scientifically based evidence.
Complications Due to Medicaments
(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025) Alkhatib, Zuhair; Abed, Rashid El
Introduction: Medicaments used in the root canal system are of numerous varieties and have effects on both pulpal tissues and microbial flora, not just inside the root canal system, but also on the periodontium. That is why, when choosing any medicament, the clinician must make the right choice. Choose a medicament that has an effect on the microorganisms, as this is the most important factor in root canal failures, and it should have the least effect on the tissues surrounding the root. The medicament should be confined in the root canal system during its use, and care should be taken not to expel it beyond the root apex into the periapical tissues. In case this happens, damage to the periapical tissues ensues, leading to inflammation, swelling and probably tooth loss. In this chapter, we will discuss the most common intracanal irrigation solutions and interim medicament used by endodontist, referring to literature and case reports that provide scientifically based evidence.
Effect from Autoclave Sterilization and Usage on the Fracture Resistance of Heat-Treated Nickel–Titanium Rotary Files
(2023) El Abed, Rashid; Alshehhi, Aisha; Alkhatib, Zuhair; Hassan Khamis, Amar; Jamal, Mohamed
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the effect of mechanical loading and heating on the cyclic fatigue and torsional fracture resistances of heat-treated nickel–titanium files after usage and autoclaving. Sixty files (One Curve) were tested for cyclic fatigue and torsional fracture resistances using customized devices. The files were divided into three groups according to the test conditions (n = 10); new (group-N), used for simulated canal shaping (group-U), and sterilized after use (group-S). For cyclic fatigue resistances, the files were freely rotated in a curved metal canal under body temperature; the time elapsed to fracture was recorded and the numbers of cycles to fracture (NCF) were calculated. For the torsional resistances, the file tip was fixed and rotated until the file fractured. The maximum torsional load and distortion angle were recorded. The toughness was calculated. Fracture fragments were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test at the significance level of 95%. Group-U showed significantly higher NCF than group-S (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences between groups-N and -S in the NCF (p > 0.05). Group-N showed a significantly bigger distortional angle and higher torsional toughness than groups-U and -S, but the ultimate torsional strength did not have significant difference between the groups. Under the limitation of this study, autoclave sterilization after single-usage did not improve the fracture resistance of heat-treated One Curve nickel–titanium files.
Effect from usage and autoclave sterilization on torsional fracture resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium instruments: an in-vitro study
(2023) Alshehhi, Aisha; Alkhatib, Zuhair; Jamal, Mohamed; El Abed, Rashid
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effect from usage and autoclaving on torsional fracture resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium rotary instruments. ProTaper Gold F2 (PG) and TruNatomy Prime (TN) were selected. For group-N, new files were tested to make a baseline torsional resistance. For group-U, files underwent instrumentation in a J-shaped canal block, and files were tested. For group-S, files underwent instrumentation as in the group-U and followed by autoclave sterilization then were tested. Maximum torsional strength and distortion angel until fracture were measured using a customized device and toughness was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted at the significance level of 95%. The topographic appearances of torsional fracture fragments were examined under scanning electron microscopy. PG showed significantly higher torsional strength after usage and sterilization; however, TN had reduced torsional strength (p < 0.05). PG showed significantly higher torsional strength in group-S than subgroup-N, while TN showed significantly lower torsional strength in group-U than group-N (p < 0.05). Regardless of the test conditions, PG showed significantly higher torsional strength and toughness than TN while TN had bigger distortion angle than PG (p < 0.05). The mechanical loads from usage and heat application during sterilization may result in alteration of torsional resistances according to geometry and alloy characteristics.