Browsing by Author "Alhashmi, Haifa"

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Medical and Dental Implications of Cerebral Palsy: Part 1 General and Medical Characteristics: A Review
(2017-06-07) Alhashmi, Haifa; Kowash, Mawlood B.; El-Halabi, Manal
Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neuromuscular disorders that affects the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitations. CP is classified into three main groups: spastic, dyskinetic and ataxic. Population-based studies from around the world report estimates of CP prevalence ranging from 1.5 to more than 4 per 1,000 live births. The commonest cause of CP remains unknown in 50% of the cases; prematurity remains the common asterisk factor. CP children suffer from numerous problems and potential disabilities such as mental retardation, epilepsy, feeding difficulties, and ophthalmologic and hearing impairments. This paper reviews and critically discusses the definition, epidemiology, aetiology, classifications, treatments and associated manifestation and complications of CP.
Medical and Dental Implications of Cerebral Palsy: Part 2: Oral and Dental Characteristics: A Review
(2017-06-07) Alhashmi, Haifa; Kowash, Mawlood B.; El-Halabi, Manal
Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neuromuscular disorders that affects the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitations. CP is classified into three main groups: spastic, dyskinetic and ataxic. Population-based studies from around the world report estimates of CP prevalence ranging from 1.5 to more than 4 per 1,000 live births. CP children suffer from numerous problems and potential disabilities such as mental retardation, epilepsy, feeding difficulties, and ophthalmologic and hearing impairments. Intra orally, Patients with cerebral palsy are reported to have several oral health problems such as poor oral hygiene, bruxism, drooling, traumatic dental injuries, and malocclusion. A literature search was conducted to identify the key oral and dental manifestations of CP. These findings are discussed and utilized to suggest recommendations for treatment planning in CP patients for the dental practitioner. The findings might also help other medical professionals in understanding the oral health status of CP patients and the importance of liaison with dental professionals.
Oral Health Status among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Dubai United Arab Emirates: A Case Control Study
(2016-08) Alhashmi, Haifa
Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Materials and Methods: 84 CP children (mean age =9.33 ±3.89) and 125 healthy children (mean age =9.30 ± 2.68) were recruited from special needs centres, along with private/public schools in Dubai. A dental examination including caries assessment using dmft/DMFT indices, oral hygiene assessment using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, calculus index and oral debris index was conducted. In addition, assessments of occlusal anomalies, dentofacial abnormalities, soft tissue abnormalities, and erosion were conducted. Results: The mean number of DMFT/dmft scores of CP children were comparable to that of healthy children. The Met Need Index (MNI) and Restorative Index (RI) in the CP group with mixed dentition scored the lowest compared with the control group. Calculus Index (CI) was found to be significantly higher among children with CP (0.56±0.78) compared with controls (0.07±0.27)(p-value < 0.001).The proportion of debris was significantly lower among children with CP;57(69.5%) compared with 110(88%) in the healthy controls(p-value =0.001).CP subjects had a significantly higher proportion of anterior open bite compared to the control group (29.3% vs 11.2%, respectively) (p value=0.001), anterior spacing (50% vs 32%)(p value=0.007)and trauma(31.7% vs3.2%) (p value <0.001).Class II molar Angle malocclusion was significantly higher in CP(80.7%) compared to controls (25.5%)(p value <0.001).CP individuals had remarkably increased frequencies of dentofacial anomalies such as high arched palate, tongue thrust, and lymphadenopathy compared to controls. In addition, CP subjects had significantly higher proportion of oral soft tissues’ anomalies such as angular cheilitis, macroglossia, and drooling. Moreover, erosion was significantly higher among CP children relative to healthy controls (42.7% vs15.2%, p-value< 0.001) Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that CP patients had a tendency toward lower rates of caries compared to healthy children, along with lower rates of restorative and dental care. Significantly higher calculus deposits, lower debris index, and comparable oral hygiene index were also observed. Further, different forms of malocclusion in CP children exceeded those of children without disabilities.
Oral Health Status among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
(2017-11-17) Alhashmi, Haifa; Kowash, Mawlood B.; Hassan Khamis, Amar; El-Halabi, Manal
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Materials and Methods: Eighty four CP and 125 healthy children were recruited from special needs centers and private/public schools in Dubai. A dental examination for decayed missing filled teeth in primary dentition (dmft)/Decayed Missing Filled teeth in permanent dentition (DMFT) indices, simplified oral hygiene index, calculus index (CI), and oral debris index was conducted. In addition, assessments of occlusal, dentofacial, soft tissue anomalies and erosion were conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS for Windows, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: DMFT/dmft scores were comparable in both groups. CI was significantly higher among children with CP. CP patients had a significantly higher proportion of anterior open bite, anterior spacing, Class II molar Angle malocclusion, trauma, high arched palate, tongue thrust, lymphadenopathy, angular cheilitis, macroglossia, drooling, and erosion as compared to controls. Conclusions: The study highlighted peculiar characteristics and needs for the CP patients in Dubai, UAE.