Osteomyelitis of the Patella With Extension Into Parapatellar Soft Tissues in a Six-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report

Abstract

Acute osteomyelitis (OM) of the patella is an exceptionally rare condition in children. The rarity of this condition, coupled with its nonspecific symptoms and varied clinical presentations, makes early diagnosis challenging and often results in delayed treatment. Prompt identification and initiation of antibiotic therapy are essential for a full recovery and to prevent the disease from progressing to a chronic, more severe form. This case report discusses a previously healthy six-year-old boy who developed OM of the left patella following a fall from standing height after tripping three days prior to his presentation at the emergency department. Due to the unusual and infrequent nature of patellar OM, it is often overlooked as a potential cause of knee pain in pediatric patients. Clinicians must consider patellar OM in the differential diagnosis for children presenting with knee pain. Accurate and timely diagnosis relies on thorough clinical assessments, laboratory testing, and appropriate imagining techniques (i.e., X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)). Early identification and appropriate treatment are critical in preventing the infection from spreading within the joint and ensuring a favorable outcome.