Resolvin E1 and calvarial defects in rats: a comprehensive histological analysis

Abstract

Bone loss, linked with numerous oral conditions such as periodontal diseases and periimplantitis, poses a signifcant challenge for dental clinicians. The current study evaluated the in vivo efects of local application of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on bone regeneration in critical size calvarial defects in rats. Thirty female Wistar rats with 5mm induced calvarial defects were randomly allocated into four groups: no treatment (negative control, n=5), treatment using bovine bone grafts (positive control, n=5), treatment using local delivery of RvE1 (n=11) and treatment using RvE1 mixed with bovine bone graft (n=9). After 12weeks, the animals were sacrifced and the calvarial defects with the adjacent tissues were sectioned en-bloc and prepared for histological examination. A comprehensive qualitative and quantitative histological examination was performed to assess bone regeneration and its relation to the defect, the presence of remnant bone and RvE1 particles, the integration of the native bone with the newly formed bone, bone density and bony trabeculae, the infammatory reaction, the connective tissue bridging in the defect, and the encapsulating fbrous tissue. Signs of neovascularization, increased cellularity, lack of the organized lamellated appearance of mature bone, disorganized arrangement of osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts were also assessed. Comparisons of the quantitative values between all studied groups indicated statistically signifcant differences (p≤0.05) in all parameters except for the increased cellularity and granulation tissue. Histological fndings indicate that RvE1 with adjunct bone graft signifcantly enhanced the bone formation compared to RvE1 or bovine graft alone.