The best clean catch method to collect none contaminated sample in non-toileted child

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infections affected infants and younger children. To discover UTI, urinalysis is the test used to identify bacteria in the urine. Urinalysis is examined by three methods, visual examination, microscopic exam, and dipstick test. The common methods for sampling in non-toilet-trained children involve clean catch, urine bag, urine pad, in-out catheterisation urine, and suprapubic aspiration.

Aim: The aim of this literature review is to explore the best methods to collect CCU sample from non-toilet-trained child without contamination.

Methodology: When searching the literature, the systematic approach method was used. The search strategy used PIO from (population, intervention, and outcomes). The search results were generated using three electronic databases relevant to the review: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, and PubMed. The quality of each study was evaluated using CASP tool. Searches were conducted between November 2020 to April 2021 because of the due of the deadline. An inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to determine which literature will be included in the review and which will be excluded. Included articles were eligible if they were in English language, full text article, published between 2010 and 2020, the sample is children or infants needs clean catch urine collection, nontoilet child and infants who need urine collection, and qualitative and quantitative papers and not systematic review.

Results: Total of seven papers, four were randomised controlled trials and three were cohort studies addressed the clean catch method in non-toileted infants to collect none contamination urine sample. 9

Conclusion: The most used method to collect urine sample in this age is obtaining a cleancatch urine sample, however this method took an average of more than one hour to collect sample.