Nathwani, Rahul2022-01-062022-01-062021204-2021.08https://repository.mbru.ac.ae/handle/1/694Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing-remitting inflammatory conditions with a substantial negative impact on health-related quality of life and work productivity. Treatment of IBD has been revolutionized by the advent of biologic therapies, initially with anti-TNF agents and more recently with multiple alternatives targets, and yet more under development. Objectives: Approximatively one third of patients do not respond to biologic therapy and more importantly a significant proportion experiences partial response or loss of response during treatment. The latter are common clinical situations and paradoxically are not addressed in the commercial drug labels and available guidelines. There is therefore a clinical need for physicians to understand when and how eventually to optimize the biologic therapy. Design: This consensus using a Delphi methodology was promoted and supported by the Emirates Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology to close this gap. Data Sources and Methods: Following an extensive systematic review of over 60,000 studies, 81 studies with dose escalation and five addressing drug monitoring were selected and in addition five systematic reviews and three guidelines. Results and Conclusion: After three rounds of voting 18 statements were selected with agreement ranging from of 80% to 100%. enBiologic therapyDose-intensificationInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)Article